CBSE Class 11 Geography — Notes, Solutions & Papers

COURSE STRUCTURE

Book- Fundamentals of Physical Geography

Chapter

No.

Chapter name Weightage

3 Interior of the Earth 4 Distribution of oceans and continents

6 Landform and their Evolution

8 Solar Radiation, Heat balance and Temperature 9 Atmospheric Circulations and Weather Systems 10 Water in the Atmosphere 11 World Climate and Climate Change (To be tested through internal assessments in the form of project and presentation)

13 Movements of Ocean Water

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Book-India Physical Environment Book-Geography Practical Part I

Chapter No. Chapter Name Weightage

Practical file and Viva 5

Total 30

14 Biodiversity and Conservation (To be tested through internal assessments in the form of project and presentation)

_

Map Work 5

Total 35

Chapter

No.

Chapter Name Weightage

3 Drainage System

5 Natural Vegetation

6 Natural Hazards and Disasters (To be tested through internal assessment in the form of Projects and presentation)

_

Map 5

Total 35

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COURSE CONTENT – XI

Book- Fundamentals of Physical Geography

Geography as a Discipline

Chapter 1 Geography as a Discipline

 Introduction to Geography as a discipline  Geography as an integrating discipline: Spatial and Temporal synthesis  Approaches to study Geography: Systematic and Regional  Branches of Geography: Physical Geography, Human Geography and Bio Geography  Physical Geography and its importance.

Earth

Chapter 2 The Origin and Evolution of The Earth

 Origin and evolution of the earth  Early theories: Origin of the Earth  Modern Theories: Origin of the universe ● Formation of Stars and Planets ● Evolution of the Earth: Lithosphere, Atmosphere and Hydrosphere ● Origin of Life

Chapter 3 Interior of the Earth

 Sources of Information about the Interior of the Earth (Direct and Indirect)  Earthquakes: Earthquake Waves, Shadow zones, Types, Scales to measure earthquake intensity, effects, frequency of earthquake occurrences  Structure of the Earth  Volcanoes and Volcanic landforms

Chapter 4 Distribution of Oceans and Continents

 Continental Drift Theory, and Evidence in support of Continental Drift and Force for Drift  Post- Drift Studies  Ocean Floor Configuration  Distribution of Earthquakes and Volcanoes  Concept of Seafloor Spreading  Plate Tectonics: Types of Plate boundaries, Rate and forces for the Plate Movement  Movement of the Indian Plate

Landforms

Chapter 5 Geomorphic processes

 Geomorphic processes: Exogenic and Endogenic  Endogenic Process: Diastrophism, Volcanism  Exogenic Processes: Weathering, Landslides.  Soil: Processes and factors of Soil Formation

Chapter 6 Landforms and their Evolution

 Running water: Erosional and Depositional Landforms  Wind: Erosional and Depositional Landforms — 6 marks

Climate

Chapter 7 Composition and Structure of Atmosphere

 Atmosphere- composition and structure; elements of weather and climate

Chapter 8 Solar Radiation, Heat Balance and Temperature

 Solar radiation: Variability of Insolation.  Processes of Heating and Cooling of Atmosphere  Terrestrial Radiation  Heat budget of the earth  Temperature- Factors controlling temperature; Horizontal distribution of temperature; Inversion of temperature

Chapter 9 Atmospheric Circulation and Weather Systems

 Atmospheric Pressure: Horizontal and Vertical Variation of Pressure  Forces affecting velocity and direction of Wind  General Circulation of the atmosphere: Pressure belts; Winds: Planetary, Seasonal and Local; Air masses and Fronts; Tropical and Extratropical cyclones; Thunderstorms and Tornadoes

Chapter 10 Water in the Atmosphere

 Humidity-Absolute and Relative humidity  Evaporation and condensation  Different Forms of Condensation: dew, frost, fog, mist and cloud;  Precipitation  Types of Rainfall and world distribution of rainfall

Chapter 11 World Climate and Climate Change

(To be tested through internal assessments in the form of project and presentation)

(Oceans)

Chapter 12 Water (Oceans)

 Hydrological Cycle  Major and Minor Relief Features of the Ocean Floor  Temperature and Salinity of Ocean Waters: Factors, Horizontal and Vertical distribution of temperature and Salinity

Chapter 13 Movements of Ocean Water

 Movements of ocean water- Waves, Tides and Currents.

on the Earth

Chapter 14 Biodiversity and Conservation

(To be tested through internal assessments in the form of project and presentation) Book- India- Physical Environment

Introduction

Chapter 1 India — Location, Size, Latitudinal and Longitudinal extent,

Indian Standard time, India and its neighbours

Physiography

Chapter 2 Structure and Physiography

 Physiographic Divisions: (1) The Northern and North -eastern — 7 marks Mountains (2) The Northern Plain (3) The Peninsular Plateau (4) The Indian Desert (5) The Coastal Plains (6) The Islands.

Chapter 3 Drainage System

 Drainage patterns  Concepts of River basin, Catchment Area, Watershed  Drainage and River systems of India: the Himalayan and the Peninsular  Extent of Usability of River Water - linking of rivers, problems in using river water and water pollution

Climate, Vegetation and Soil

Chapter 4 Climate

 Weather and climate  Unity and diversity in the Monsoon Climate  Factors determining the climate of India  The Nature and characteristics of Indian Monsoon  The Rhythm of Seasons  Distribution of Rainfall  Monsoon and the Economic Life in India  Global Warming

Chapter 5 Natural Vegetation

 Natural vegetation – Introduction  Forest types and distribution  Conservation of forests  Wildlife; conservation; biosphere reserves

Hazards and Disasters: Causes, Consequenc es and Management

Chapter 6 Natural Hazards and Disasters

(To be tested through internal assessment in the form of Projects and presentation) Book- Geography Practical Part I

Chapter 1 Introduction to Maps

● Essentials of map making ● History of map making ● Maps -types ● Uses of maps

Chapter 2 Map Scale

● Scales-methods and construction ● Conversion of scale

Chapter 3 Latitude, Longitude and Time

● Drawing of Parallels of latitude and Meridians of longitude ● Longitude and time

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● International date line

Chapter 4 Map Projections

 Map projection- typology, construction and properties of projection: Conical with one standard parallel and Mercator's projection. (only two projections)

Chapter 5 Topographical Maps

● Study of topographic maps (1 : 50,000 or 1 : 25,000 Survey of India maps); Conventional Symbols, co ntour cross section and identification of landforms - slopes, hills, valleys, waterfall, cliffs; distribution of settlements

Chapter 6 Introduction to Remote Sensing

 Satellite imageries, stages in remote sensing data-acquisition, platform and sensors and data products, (photographic and digital) Map Work Book- Fundamentals of Physical Geography (Map items for locating and labelling only on the outline political world map)

Chapter Map item (Map present on official website of Govt. of India should

be used)

Chapter 4

Distribution of oceans and continents  Political Map of all Continents of the world.  Major Oceans of the world: Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Arctic Ocean, Southern Ocean ∙ Major lithospheric plates and Minor lithospheric plates, Ring of fire (Pacific Ocean), Mid - Atlantic Ridge.

Chapter 9

Atmospheric Circulations and Weather Systems Major Hot Deserts of the world:  Mojave Desert- Nevada, US  Patagonian Desert- Argentina  Sahara- Africa  Gobi Desert- Mongolia, Asia  Thar desert- India  Great Victoria Desert- Australia

Chapter 12

Water (Oceans)  Major Seas  Black sea  Baltic sea  Caspian Sea  Mediterranean Sea  North Sea  Red sea  Bay of Fundy (Canada)-Famous for the highest tides in the world

Chapter 13

Movements of Ocean Water Ocean Currents Cold currents Warm currents  Humboldt c.  California c.  Falkland c.  Alaska c.  Brazilian c.  Agulhas c.

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 Canaries c.  West Australian c.  Oyashio c.  Labrador c  Kuroshio c.  Gulf stream c.

Chapter 14

Biodiversity and Conservation Ecological hotspots  Eastern Himalaya, India  Western ghats, India  Indonesia, Asia  Eastern Madagascar, Africa  Upper Guinean forests, Africa  Atlantic forest, Brazil  Tropical Andes Map Work Book- India Physical Environment (Map items for locating and labelling only on the outline political map of India)

Chapter Map item (Map present on official website of Govt. of India should

be used)

Chapter-1

India- Location  Latitudinal extent of India  Longitudinal extent of India  Standard Meridian of India  Important latitude passing through India (Tropic of Cancer)  Southern Most Point of mainland of India (Kanya Kumari)

Chapter-2

Structure and Physiography  Mountains: Karakoram Range, Garo - Khasi- Jaintia hills, Aravalli Range, Vindhyan Range, Satpura Range, Western ghats & Eastern ghats  Peaks: K2, Kanchenjunga, Nandadevi, Nanga Parvat, Namcha Barwa and Anaimudi  Passes: Shipkila, Nathula, Palghat, Bhor ghat and Thal ghat  Plateaus: Malwa, Chhotnagpur, Meghalaya and Deccan Plateau.  Coastal Plains: Saurashtra, Konkan, North and South Kanara, Malabar, Coromandel and Northern Circars  Islands: Andaman & Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep Islands

Chapter-3

Drainage System  Rivers: Brahmaputra, Indus, Satluj, Ganga, Yamuna, Chambal, Damodar, Mahanadi, Krishna, Kaveri,Godavari, Narmada, Tapti and Luni  Lakes: (Identification)Wular, Sambhar, Chilika, Kolleru, Pulicat & Vembanad  Straits, Bays , Gulfs: Palk Strait, Rann of Kachchh, Gulf of Kachchh, Gulf of Mannar & Gulf of Khambat

Chapter-4

Climate  Area with highest temperature in India  Area with lowest temperature in India  Area with highest rainfall in India  Area with lowest rainfall in India — 10 marks

Chapter-5

Natural Vegetation (Identification on an outline map of India) Tropical evergreen, Tropical deciduous, Tropical thorn, Montane and Littoral/ Swamp forests.

Wildlife reserves: (locating and labeling)  National Parks: Corbett, Kaziranga, Ranthambore. Shivpuri, Simlipal  Bird Sanctuaries: Keoladeo Ghana and Ranganathittu  Wild life Sanctuaries: Periyar, Rajaji, Mudumalai, Dachigam, Guidelines for Internal Assessment/ Geography Practical 1. A practical file must be prepared by students covering all the topics prescribed in the practical syllabus. 2. The file should be completely handwritten with a cover page, index page and acknowledgment. 3. All practical works should be drawn neatly with appropriate headings, scale, index etc. Data can be taken from the NCERT textbook. 4. The practical file will be assessed at the time of term end practical examinations. 5. A written exam of 25 marks will be conducted based on prescribed practical syllabus. 6. Viva will be conducted based on practical syllabus only. 7. Written Exam -25 Marks 8. Practical file- 03 Marks 9. Viva- 02 Marks

CLASS: XI